VAUBAN, SéBASTIEN LE PRESTRE DE

 VAUBAN, SéBASTIEN LE PRESTRE DE




France's biggest military scientist --the most famous"Chairman of towns"--along with also a dedicated public servant of Louis XIV, Vauban rarely deserves to be called a scientist. Though made an honorary member of the Royal Academy of Sciences in his older age, it had been less for almost any scientific attainments compared to his lengthy, dedicated, and manifold services to France. He distinguished himself in math or physics such as Lazare Carnot or Coulomb, equally trained as army engineers. Vauban was a sensible man of culture and lean scientific training who had been proficient in the use of simple arithmetic and geometry along with the basic fundamentals of studying and civil engineering into fortification and siegecraft.


Vauban's family was of modest source --notaries and tiny retailers of Bazoches from the climatically rocky Morvan. From the sixteenth century member of Vauban's family entered the lesser nobility during purchasing a little fief.


Of Vauban's youth small is known. In the beginning he had been educated by the village curate of St.-Léger-de-Fougeret, at which he had been born during the reign of Louis XIII along with the management of Cardinal Richelieu. In age ten Vauban was delivered to the Carmelite collège of Semur-en-Auxois; here he obtained the rudiments of math, a smattering of background, also demonstrated some talent for drafts-manship. Captured from the king's forces in 1653, he shared at the pardon of Condé and his troops and entered the imperial army. Cardinal Mazarin, studying of Vauban's bent for fortification, put him beneath the chevalier de Clerville, a man of fair gifts who was subsequently considered as the foremost military engineer of France. 2 decades after Vauban earned the position of ingénieur ordinaire du roi.


Between the conclusion of the war with Spain in 1659 and Louis XIV's first war of conquest in 1667, Vauban functioned under Clerville fixing and enhancing the fortifications of their kingdom. Throughout the short War of Devolutionhe distinguished himselfnotably by his knack to siegecraft--Louvois, his direct superior, encouraged him over the mind of Clerville into the position of commissaire général, in effect making him the digital manager of all of the engineering function in Louvois's department. 1 The conquests of this War of Devolution at Hainaut and Flanders launched Vauban on a construction program between these defeated cities as Bergues, Furnes, Tournai, and Lille, the outposts of their future growth.


Nine decades of peace had triumphed that the war with Spain. Yet shortly after the marriage he returned to garrison duty at Nancy, leaving his wife . Until late in life, his visits home were infrequent, but he fathered two daughters and a boy who died in infancy. In 1675 he purchased the local Château de Bazoches, but before his final years his remains were short in this, his favourite house. He had been always in the area. Since Daniel Halévy place it, Vauban's real family was the military. Two


This, then, was the tireless rhythm of Vauban's lifestyle: continuous repairs and building of fortress cities in time of peace; in warfare, sieges and fresh conquests; afterward more frenzied construction throughout the ensuing periods of calmness, always with an eye towards the strategic aim of giving France the highest safety. 3 Until the year of his passing, Vauban was always on the go, traveling from 1 end of France to another on horseback, or, in his later years, transported in a famed sedan chair borne by brothers. Though he sedulously avoided the courtroom and has been seldom seen in Paris or Versailles for any duration of timehe maintained in constant communication with his superiors, deluging Louvois, by way of instance, with countless reports and letters written in pungent and undoctored prose. This"vie errante" of over twenty five years gave him an unrivaled understanding of the nation of France, also contributed to a number of the suggestions he put forth in his letters or in his ironically mistitled Oisivetés, a group of papers written during periods of repose in Bazoches or while vacationing.

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